RISK FACTORS

Risk factors for perpetration can occur at all levels of the Social Ecological Model:

Individual

• Lack of understanding of child development and parenting skills
• History of child abuse in parent's family of origin
• Substance abuse and/or mental health issues in the family
• Parental characteristics such as young age, low education, single parenthood, large number of dependent children, and low income
• Parental thought sand emotions supporting maltreatment behaviors
• Parental stress and distress